Syntax Overview
META Lisp is statically typed and uses a lisp like syntax in combination with a type system inspired and shared by Gyro. The syntax is designed to be concise and easy to read. Some C-like elements have been added to make the language easier on the eyes as those parentheses can nest quite deep 😅
Polish Notation
META Lisp uses a prefix notation, also known as Polish notation. This means that the operator comes before the operands. For example, to add two numbers in META Lisp, you would write:
[+ 1 2] // 3
[* 4 [+ 1 2]] // 12C inspired syntax
META Lisp uses a C-like syntax for pointers and value dereferencing. This makes it easier to read and write than most lisp dialects.
[defunc [resolvepointer [i32* ptr]] -> i32
[*ptr]]Structs
META Lisp uses a struct syntax similar to C. The struct keyword is used to define a new struct type. It is followed by the name of the struct and a list of fields. Each field is defined by a type and a name.
The properties of a struct can be accessed using the -> operator.
[struct Vector2D
[i32 x]
[i32 y]]
[defunc [add [Vector2D a] [Vector2D b]] -> Vector2D
[Vector2D
[+ a->x b->x]
[+ a->y b->y]]]Overrides
META Lisp allows you to override functions and operators. This is done by defining a new function with the same name as the function you want to override. The new function will then be called instead of the original one.
[defunc [+ [i32 a] [i32 b]] -> i32
[print "Adding two numbers"]
[+ a b]]Type Annotations
META Lisp uses type annotations to specify the type of a variable or function parameter. The type is specified after the variable name or parameter name, separated by a colon.
[defunc [add [i32 a] [i32 b]] -> i32
[define [i32 result] [+ a b]]
[+ a b]]The auto type
META Lisp supports the auto type, which allows the compiler to infer the type of a variable based on its initialization value.
[define [auto x] 42]Macros
META Lisp supports macros, which are functions that are executed at compile time. Macros can be used to generate code or perform other compile-time operations.
[defmacro [times [i32 n] [block body]] -> void
[for [i 0 n]
[body]]]
[times 10
[print "Hello, world!"]]Arrays
META Lisp supports arrays using a special syntax. Arrays are static by default, however, they can be initialized with dynamic capacity constraints.
[define [i32[10,] arr] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]]
[set arr->10 42][<capacity>,]allows the array to expand once the specified capacity is reached.[,<capacity>]allows the array to expand to a certain capacity.[<capacity>]creates a fixed capacity array.[]creates a dynamic array.
Char
Char literals are enclosed in single quotes.
[define [char c] 'a']Strings
META Lisp supports string literals, which are enclosed in double quotes.
[define [char[13,] s] "Hello, world!"]
[set s->0 'H']Comments
META Lisp supports single line comments using //.
// This is a single line comment